Critical Disease Management Workflows

Biosecurity event response transforms disease detection into coordinated action. From initial suspicion through veterinary diagnosis, contact tracing, quarantine implementation, and outbreak management. These workflows activate during health crises requiring rapid, accurate response to protect animal health, prevent disease spread, and maintain regulatory compliance.

Speed and coordination determine success. Unlike daily routines, biosecurity responses are time-critical, involve multiple stakeholders, trigger automatic system actions, and require complete documentation for regulatory authorities.

Four critical biosecurity workflows:

1. Disease Suspected Workflow - Observation to diagnosis and response activation
2. Quarantine Initiation Workflow - Isolating affected animals and implementing health monitoring
3. Contact Tracing Workflow - Identifying exposed animals and assessing spread risk
4. Outbreak Management Workflow - Coordinating multi-location response and regulatory compliance

Workflow 1: Disease Suspected

Overview

This workflow bridges routine health monitoring and emergency biosecurity response. When observations suggest potential contagious disease, rapid veterinary consultation, accurate diagnosis, and immediate protective measures prevent disease spread.

When to use:

• Unusual symptoms in multiple animals
• Symptoms matching known disease profile
• Sudden death without obvious cause
• Import animals showing symptoms during quarantine
• Known disease outbreak in region

Timeline: 15-30 minutes initial response; ongoing monitoring until diagnosis

Key stakeholders: Animal care staff (detection), veterinarian (diagnosis), farm manager (coordination), regulatory authorities (notification if reportable)

Prerequisites

• Animals registered in Kora
• Veterinarian relationship established (Chapter 20)
• Team trained to recognise disease signs
• Biosecurity protocols configured (Chapter 11)
• Emergency contact information accessible

Step-by-Step Process

Step 1: Initial Detection and Documentation (Mobile/Field)

Farm staff observes concerning symptoms:

1. Immediate Observation:

   • What symptoms? (respiratory, digestive, neurological, skin lesions, unusual behaviour)
   • How many animals affected?
   • When did symptoms start?
   • Any recent changes?

2. Record Detailed Observation (Mobile - Chapter 7.1):

   • Select affected animal(s)
   • Add observation with symptoms, severity (High/Critical if multiple animals), photos/video, temperature (if possible), timeline, context

3. Initial Isolation:

   • Separate sick animals from healthy animals immediately
   • Document which animals isolated and location

What happens automatically:

• Observation timestamped and GPS-tagged
• High/Critical severity triggers automatic task creation
• Notifications sent to farm manager and veterinarian
• Traceability event created

Decision Point: Is This Potentially Contagious Disease?

Indicators:

• Multiple animals showing similar symptoms
• Rapid onset across group
• Symptoms match known contagious disease profiles
• Recent exposure risks
• Known outbreak in region

YES → Proceed to Step 2 NO → Continue monitoring, veterinary consult if symptoms persist

Step 2: Immediate Escalation to Veterinarian (Mobile/Desktop)

Mark observation "Requires Follow-Up" and contact veterinarian:

1. In Kora:
   • Check "Requires Follow-Up"
   • Select veterinarian
   • Add urgency note

What happens automatically:

• Task created for veterinary consultation
• Veterinarian notified immediately
• Task marked "Urgent"
• Owner/Manager notified

2. Direct Contact (Phone/Message):
   • Call veterinarian directly
   • Provide summary
   • Share photos/videos if possible
   • Veterinarian accesses Kora for complete details

Step 3: Veterinarian Remote Assessment

Veterinarian reviews observation remotely:

1. Reviews submitted information:

   • Observation details
   • Animal health history
   • Location and management context
   • Similar observations in other animals

2. Initial Assessment Decision:

   • Requires on-site examination → Schedules emergency visit
   • Can manage remotely initially → Provides instructions
   • Not contagious concern → Provides treatment guidance

Step 4: On-Site Veterinary Examination (if required)

Veterinarian arrives for clinical examination:

1. Logs arrival (automatic notification)
2. Examines all affected animals systematically
3. Takes diagnostic samples if needed
4. Assesses unaffected animals for early signs
5. Evaluates environmental and management factors
6. Records clinical findings in Kora

Step 5: Diagnosis and Response Activation

When veterinarian confirms or strongly suspects contagious disease:

1. Veterinarian Records Diagnosis:
   • Disease name (if confirmed) or suspected disease
   • Diagnostic confidence level
   • Source of confirmation

CRITICAL TRIGGER - What Happens Automatically:

A. Automatic Contact Tracing Activated (Chapter 11.3):

• Identifies all animals sharing locations with diagnosed animal(s)
• Calculates exposure risk based on time shared, disease incubation period, species susceptibility, proximity
• Assigns risk scores (High/Medium/Low)
• Generates contact tracing report

B. Automatic Quarantine Recommendations Generated (Chapter 11.2):

• Disease profile matched to quarantine protocol
• Quarantine duration calculated from incubation + contagious period
• Health check frequency recommended
• Isolation requirements specified

C. Biosecurity Alert Triggered:

• Biosecurity event logged
• Risk assessment score calculated
• Team notifications sent
• Location flagged for restricted access

D. Regulatory Compliance Check:

• Checks if disease is reportable/notifiable
• If reportable → Alert generated
• Compliance timeline activated

E. Owner Communication:

• Automatic notification sent
• Diagnosis details shared
• Recommended actions summarised

F. Traceability Documentation:

• Diagnosis event recorded in immutable audit trail
• All animals involved linked
• Complete timeline preserved

Step 6: Implement Immediate Actions (Field/Mobile)

Based on veterinarian's diagnosis and automatic recommendations:

1. Quarantine Initiation (Workflow 2):

   • Isolate diagnosed animal(s)
   • Quarantine high-risk contacts
   • Establish biosecurity zones

2. Contact Tracing Review (Workflow 3):

   • Review automatic results
   • Verify exposed animals identified correctly
   • Make quarantine decisions based on risk scores

3. Treatment Initiation:

   • Implement veterinarian-prescribed treatment
   • Prophylactic treatment for high-risk contacts
   • Document all treatments

4. Biosecurity Protocol Activation:

   • Restrict movement into/out of property
   • Implement visitor restrictions
   • Enhance hygiene protocols
   • Separate equipment for quarantine areas

Step 7: Regulatory Notification (if reportable disease)

If disease is reportable to authorities:

1. Check reporting requirements (timeframe, authority, information required)
2. Submit official notification (phone, online portal, official form)
3. Document notification in Kora (case number, authority contacted, date/time)

Step 8: Ongoing Monitoring and Documentation

After initial response, continue systematic monitoring:

1. Daily Health Checks (all quarantined animals, all at-risk animals)
2. Treatment Monitoring (administer as prescribed, monitor response)
3. New Case Detection (record immediately, link to biosecurity event, update contact tracing)
4. Veterinarian Updates (regular communication, report new cases)
5. Authority Updates (if reportable, follow authority directives)

Step 9: Resolution and Closure

When disease event resolves:

1. Veterinarian Confirmation (all recovered, quarantine complete, no new cases, clearance confirmed)
2. Quarantine Release (Workflow 2)
3. Biosecurity Event Closure (document outcomes, total affected, timeline, lessons learned)
4. Regulatory Closure (submit final report, obtain clearance)
5. Preventive Measures (implement changes to prevent recurrence)

Integration Points

From: Health observations (Chapter 7.1) → Veterinarian system (Chapter 20) → Contact tracing (Chapter 11.3) → Quarantine (Chapter 11.2) → Biosecurity (Chapter 11) → Traceability (Chapter 12) → Notifications (Chapter 26.4) → Tasks (Chapter 13)

Data flow:

Suspicious Observation → Veterinarian Consultation → Diagnosis Confirmed →
AUTOMATIC RESPONSE CASCADE:
  Contact Tracing Activated → Quarantine Recommendations → Biosecurity Alert →
  Regulatory Compliance Check → Owner Notification → Traceability Event →
MANUAL ACTIONS:
  Quarantine Implemented → Treatment Initiated → Regulatory Notification →
  Ongoing Monitoring → Resolution Documentation

Common Variations

Commercial Farm (hundreds/thousands of animals): Disease may expose hundreds, critical contact tracing, economic impact significant, regulatory authorities likely involved

Small Farm (5-20 animals): Disease may affect high percentage quickly, personal animal relationships, simpler contact tracing, owner direct response

Zoo/Wildlife Facility: Cross-species transmission considerations, individual animal value high, public health considerations, complex biosecurity with public access

Wildlife Management: Diagnosis from sick/dead observations, contact tracing challenging, focus on surveillance vs individual treatment, conservation priorities

Veterinary Practice: Nosocomial disease risk, multiple client animals exposed, notify all affected clients immediately, facility-wide biosecurity response

Time Required

Initial Detection to Veterinarian Contact: 15-30 minutes Veterinarian Remote Assessment: 30-60 minutes On-Site Examination (if needed): 1-3 hours Implementation of Initial Response: 2-4 hours Ongoing Monitoring (per day): 1-3 hours daily until resolution Total Detection to Initial Response Complete: 4-8 hours

Critical Timing:

• Veterinarian contact: Within 15-30 minutes
• On-site examination: Within 2-4 hours
• Quarantine implementation: Within 4-8 hours
• Regulatory notification: Per legal requirements

Workflow 2: Quarantine Initiation

Overview

Quarantine initiation isolates animals with confirmed or suspected contagious disease, implements health monitoring protocols, and prevents disease spread. Effective quarantine requires rapid implementation, appropriate duration calculation, systematic health monitoring, and clear release criteria.

When to use:

• Contagious disease confirmed or highly suspected
• New animal arrivals (import quarantine)
• Pre-export holding
• Post-exposure quarantine (contact tracing identifies high-risk animals)
• Precautionary quarantine (suspected, awaiting test results)

Timeline: 30-60 minutes setup; ongoing monitoring for quarantine duration (disease-specific, typically 7-28 days)

Key stakeholders: Farm manager, animal care staff, veterinarian, regulatory authorities (if mandated)

Prerequisites

• Diagnosis or risk assessment complete (Workflow 1 or 3)
• Quarantine facilities available
• Team trained in biosecurity protocols
• Quarantine protocols configured in Kora (Chapter 11.2)

Step-by-Step Process

Step 1: Review Quarantine Recommendations (Desktop/Mobile)

After diagnosis or contact tracing, Kora provides automatic quarantine recommendations:

1. Access Biosecurity Event or Contact Tracing Report
2. Review Automatic Recommendations:
   • Quarantine Duration (calculated from disease incubation + contagious period)
   • Health Check Frequency (daily, twice daily, or per veterinarian)
   • Isolation Requirements (strict separation, separate airspace, distance)
   • Special Measures (testing requirements, treatment protocols, surveillance)

Decision Point: Accept recommendations or modify with veterinarian

Step 2: Prepare Quarantine Facilities (Field)

Before moving animals:

1. Physical Separation (identify isolation location, verify adequate separation, ensure no shared equipment)
2. Facility Preparation (clean and disinfect, ensure feed/water/shelter, set up dedicated equipment, establish disinfection station)
3. Biosecurity Signage (post "QUARANTINE" signs, list requirements, note authorised personnel)
4. Staff Preparation (brief team, assign dedicated staff, ensure protective equipment available)

Step 3: Initiate Quarantine in Kora (Desktop)

Formally create quarantine record:

1. Navigate to Biosecurity → Quarantine → Initiate New Quarantine (Chapter 11.2)
2. Enter Quarantine Details:
   • Animal(s), Reason, Disease/Risk, Quarantine Location, Start Date, Expected End Date, Veterinarian, Special Instructions

What happens automatically:

• Quarantine protocol selected based on disease
• Health check tasks auto-scheduled
• Quarantine status applied to animal(s)
• Movement restrictions applied
• Team notifications sent
• Traceability event created

Step 4: Move Animals to Quarantine (Field/Mobile)

Transfer animals to isolation area:

1. Biosecurity Preparation (protective equipment, dedicated equipment, plan movement route)
2. Animal Movement (move calmly, verify head count, ensure immediate feed/water access)
3. Record Movement in Kora (log movement, links to quarantine event, updates location)
4. Post-Movement Biosecurity (disinfect equipment, disinfect boots/hands, change clothing, shower if high-risk disease)

Step 5: Establish Monitoring Protocol (Desktop)

Set up systematic health monitoring:

1. Review Auto-Generated Health Check Tasks
2. Define Monitoring Parameters (what to check, what to document, when to escalate)
3. Assign Staff (designate specific staff, minimise number entering, ensure understanding)

Step 6: Daily Health Monitoring (Field/Mobile - Ongoing)

Throughout quarantine period:

Each Day:

1. Biosecurity Preparation (protective equipment, disinfect boots, use dedicated equipment)
2. Observe All Quarantined Animals (appearance/behaviour, eating/drinking, respiratory rate, discharge, lameness, new symptoms)
3. Physical Examination (if protocol requires - temperature, body condition, disease-specific checks)
4. Record Observations in Kora (complete task, record findings, note changes, mark complete)

What happens automatically:

• Observation linked to quarantine event
• Pattern analysis (multiple worsening = alert)
• Next day's task auto-generated
• Veterinarian notified if concerning patterns

Decision Point: Are New Symptoms Developing?

• YES → New cases: Record High/Critical observations, escalate to veterinarian, consider expanding quarantine, extend duration (new cases restart countdown)
• NO → Stable/improving: Continue monitoring, document improvement, quarantine countdown continues

Step 7: Treatment and Support (Ongoing)

If animals require treatment:

1. Veterinarian-Prescribed Treatment (follow plan, administer as scheduled, monitor response)
2. Supportive Care (adequate nutrition, fresh water, shelter, minimise stress)
3. Document All Treatments (record in Kora, links to quarantine event, withdrawal periods tracked)

Step 8: Quarantine Duration Management (Ongoing)

Monitor progress toward release:

1. Kora Automatic Tracking (end date calculated, countdown visible, progress indicators)
2. New Case Detection - Extension Required: If new cases develop → Quarantine duration RESETS from last new case, notification sent, team notified
3. Pre-Release Assessment: Intensify monitoring, veterinarian assessment scheduled, verify release criteria

Step 9: Release from Quarantine

When quarantine complete and release criteria met:

1. Verify Release Criteria:

   • No new cases for required period
   • All animals showing recovery or stable
   • Veterinarian clearance (if required)
   • Required testing complete with negative results

2. Veterinarian Final Assessment (examines all animals, confirms criteria met, documents clearance, provides post-quarantine instructions)

3. Release Quarantine in Kora:

   • Navigate to quarantine record
   • Select "Release from Quarantine"
   • Enter Release Date, Release Reason, Veterinarian Clearance, Post-Quarantine Instructions

What happens automatically:

• Quarantine status removed
• Movement restrictions lifted
• Animals can be sold/moved normally
• Traceability event created
• Final quarantine report generated
• Health check tasks cancelled

4. Return Animals to Normal Operations (move from quarantine, integrate back, monitor post-release)

5. Quarantine Area Clean-Up (thorough cleaning/disinfection, disinfect equipment, rest period, restock supplies)

Step 10: Post-Quarantine Review and Documentation

After closure:

1. Quarantine Event Summary (total quarantined, duration, outcome, new cases, veterinary interventions)
2. Lessons Learned (what worked, what could improve, protocol adjustments)
3. Preventive Measures (implement changes, update protocols)
4. Regulatory Documentation (generate report, submit if mandated, maintain records)

Integration Points

From: Disease diagnosis (Workflow 1), Contact tracing (Workflow 3) To: Biosecurity (Chapter 11), Tasks (Chapter 13), Traceability (Chapter 12), Veterinarian (Chapter 20), Locations (Chapter 2)

Common Variations

Import Quarantine: 30 days minimum, daily observation + diagnostic testing, negative test results required

Post-Exposure Quarantine: Incubation period duration, daily symptom monitoring, no symptoms = release

Pre-Export Quarantine: Per importing country regulations (30-60 days), intensive surveillance + testing, health certificate issued

Individual Animal: Disease-specific duration, may be twice-daily checks, clinical recovery + veterinarian clearance

Mob Quarantine: From last new case, mob-level observations + individual follow-up, entire mob meets criteria simultaneously

Time Required

Quarantine Setup: 2-4 hours Daily Monitoring (per day): 30-90 minutes (depends on animals, disease severity) Quarantine Release: 1-2 hours Total Duration: Disease-dependent (7-14 days short, 14-21 days standard, 30-90 days long, extended if new cases)

Workflow 3: Contact Tracing

Overview

Contact tracing identifies animals exposed to contagious disease, assesses infection risk, and guides containment decisions. Effective contact tracing limits spread by identifying at-risk animals before symptoms develop, enabling early quarantine and preventing cascade transmission.

When to use:

• Immediately after contagious disease diagnosis
• Disease detected in previously sold/moved animals
• During outbreak investigations
• New disease introduced to property

Timeline: Automatic analysis within seconds; review and decision-making 30-90 minutes

Key stakeholders: Farm manager, veterinarian, regulatory authorities (if reportable)

Prerequisites

• Diagnosis confirmed (Workflow 1)
• Animal movement history recorded in Kora
• Location assignments current
• Veterinarian available for risk assessment

Step-by-Step Process

Step 1: Automatic Contact Tracing Activation

When veterinarian records diagnosis, contact tracing activates automatically:

Triggered by: Diagnosis entry with disease name

Kora Automatically Analyzes:

1. Time Period: Disease incubation + contagious period
2. Location Sharing: All animals at same location(s) during time period
3. Movement History: Animals moved from/to affected location
4. Proximity Factors: Animals sharing fence lines, adjacent paddocks

Contact Tracing Report Generated:

• List of all exposed animals
• Risk scores (High/Medium/Low)
• Contact period
• Exposure duration
• Current location of each

Step 2: Access Contact Tracing Report (Desktop)

Farm manager reviews automatic results:

1. Navigate to Biosecurity → Contact Tracing (Chapter 11.3)
2. Open report for specific biosecurity event
3. Review automatically identified contacts

Step 3: Veterinarian Risk Assessment Consultation

Consult veterinarian to review results and assess risk:

1. Share Report: Veterinarian accesses in Kora, reviews risk scores, considers disease-specific factors
2. Veterinarian Provides Assessment:
   • Confirms High Risk → Quarantine immediately
   • Assesses Medium Risk → Monitor daily or quarantine
   • Assesses Low Risk → Increase surveillance
   • Identifies Off-Property Exposures → Notify immediately
3. Special Considerations: Transmission route, species susceptibility, environmental factors, individual animal factors

Step 4: Make Containment Decisions

Based on veterinarian guidance and risk scores:

HIGH RISK Animals:

• Action: Immediate quarantine (Workflow 2)
• Rationale: Very likely exposed, high infection probability
• Timeline: Within hours

MEDIUM RISK Animals:

• Decision: Quarantine now vs enhanced surveillance
• Enhanced Surveillance = Daily observations with rapid quarantine if symptoms develop

LOW RISK Animals:

• Action: Normal surveillance with heightened awareness
• Escalate if: Any symptoms appear

OFF-PROPERTY Exposures:

• Critical Action: Notify other property owners immediately
• Provide Information: Disease diagnosis, exposure period, recommendations
• Regulatory Notification: Report to authorities

Step 5: Implement Quarantine for High-Risk Contacts

For all HIGH RISK animals:

1. Initiate Quarantine (Workflow 2): Create record, reason = "Post-exposure quarantine", duration = incubation period
2. Physical Isolation: Move to quarantine facilities, separate from non-exposed, implement biosecurity
3. Intensive Monitoring: Daily observations, watch for symptom development, temperature monitoring if relevant

Step 6: Implement Enhanced Surveillance for Medium-Risk

For MEDIUM RISK animals (if not quarantined):

1. Create Enhanced Surveillance Tasks: Daily observation tasks, assigned to staff, duration = incubation period
2. Rapid Response Protocol: Staff trained to report immediately, veterinarian on standby, quarantine facilities prepared
3. Restrict Movements: Do not sell/move during surveillance, minimise contact with low-risk, implement biosecurity precautions

Step 7: Notify Off-Property Contacts

For animals moved off-property during exposure (CRITICAL):

1. Identify Recipients: Contact tracing shows sold/moved animals
2. Immediate Notification (Phone): Call immediately, provide critical information (disease, exposure period, symptoms, quarantine duration)
3. Follow-Up Documentation: Send written notification, include report excerpt, provide veterinarian contact
4. Regulatory Notification: Report off-property exposure to authorities

Step 8: Monitor for New Cases (Ongoing)

Throughout surveillance period:

1. Daily Observations: Complete surveillance tasks, watch for symptoms, document in Kora
2. If New Cases Develop: Record immediately, veterinarian consultation, isolate from other at-risk, new contact tracing runs, expand quarantine/surveillance, extend surveillance period
3. Pattern Analysis: Track how many develop disease, calculate attack rate, adjust containment if needed

Step 9: Release from Surveillance

When surveillance complete with no new cases:

1. Verify Release Criteria: Full incubation period elapsed, no symptoms developed, veterinarian confirmation
2. Release from Enhanced Surveillance: Cancel remaining tasks, remove movement restrictions, document completion
3. Post-Surveillance Summary: Total under surveillance, new cases developed, attack rate, containment success

Step 10: Document Contact Tracing Outcomes

Complete documentation:

1. Contact Tracing Summary: Total contacts identified (High/Medium/Low), quarantine decisions, surveillance implemented, off-property notifications, new cases from contacts, containment success
2. Lessons Learned: Was tracing complete, was quarantine scope appropriate, implementation speed, improvements for future
3. Regulatory Documentation: Submit report if required, demonstrates due diligence

Integration Points

From: Disease diagnosis (Workflow 1), Movement history (Chapters 7.3, 12), Location assignments (Chapter 2) To: Quarantine (Workflow 2), Biosecurity (Chapter 11), Traceability (Chapter 12), Notifications (Chapter 26.4), Tasks (Chapter 13)

Common Variations

Trace-Back Investigation: Disease found in sold animals, contact tracing looks BACKWARD, quarantine exposed on your property, investigate source

Trace-Forward Investigation: Index case identified, contact tracing looks FORWARD, notify all recipients, track spread from your property

Multi-Property Outbreak: Coordinated across properties, regulatory authorities leading, shared movement history, coordinated quarantine/testing

Wildlife-Livestock Interface: Wildlife source, contact tracing identifies livestock exposed, ongoing risk, enhanced biosecurity

Vector-Borne Disease: Contact tracing considers vector activity areas, animals in vector zones = high risk, seasonal considerations, vector control measures

Time Required

Automatic Analysis: Seconds (Kora processes automatically) Review of Report: 15-30 minutes Veterinarian Consultation: 30-60 minutes Implementation of Containment: 2-4 hours Ongoing Surveillance: Daily throughout incubation period (5-10 minutes per animal) Total Diagnosis to Containment: 4-8 hours

Workflow 4: Outbreak Management

Overview

Outbreak management coordinates multi-location response when disease spreads beyond initial containment or affects multiple properties simultaneously. Scales biosecurity response from individual case management to coordinated outbreak control, involving regulatory authorities, multiple veterinarians, cross-property coordination, and public health considerations for zoonotic diseases.

When to use:

• Disease spreading despite initial containment
• Multiple properties affected simultaneously
• Reportable disease requiring regulatory authority coordination
• Zoonotic disease with public health implications
• Economic or trade impact

Timeline: Days to weeks (ongoing coordination); Initial response within hours

Key stakeholders: Farm managers (multiple properties), veterinarians, regulatory authorities, public health officials (if zoonotic), industry organisations

Prerequisites

• Individual case responses initiated (Workflows 1-3)
• Regulatory notification completed
• Veterinarian oversight established
• Communication channels with authorities established

Outbreak indicators:

• Failure to contain with standard measures
• New cases outside expected contact groups
• Disease detected on neighbouring properties
• Regulatory authorities declare official outbreak
• Public health risk identified

Step-by-Step Process

Step 1: Outbreak Declaration and Coordination Structure

When disease escalates to outbreak:

1. Regulatory Authority Declares Outbreak: Official declaration, incident command structure, lead authority assigned, legal powers activated
2. Establish Coordination Structure: Command (regulatory authority leads), Property Coordination (each manager), Veterinary Oversight (coordinating veterinarian/team), Communication (regular meetings)
3. Kora Outbreak Event Creation: Navigate to Biosecurity → Outbreak Management, create outbreak linking multiple biosecurity events, centralised tracking

Step 2: Enhanced Surveillance Across At-Risk Properties

Expand surveillance beyond initial affected property:

1. Define Surveillance Zone:

   • Infected Zone (confirmed cases, strict controls)
   • Control Zone (high-risk contacts, movement restrictions, enhanced surveillance)
   • Surveillance Zone (lower risk, monitoring, reporting requirements)

2. Implement Zonal Surveillance:

   • Infected: Daily observations, regular testing, veterinary oversight
   • Control: Daily observations, testing as directed, no movements without approval
   • Surveillance: Regular observations, report suspicious signs immediately

3. Coordinated Reporting: All properties report to coordinating authority, Kora facilitates sharing, real-time outbreak mapping

Step 3: Movement Controls and Traceability

Prevent further spread:

1. Regulatory Movement Restrictions:

   • Infected Zone: No movements (absolute ban)
   • Control Zone: Movements only with permits, pre-movement testing required
   • Surveillance Zone: Movements allowed but documented

2. Permit System: Kora integration for permit requests, regulatory approval required, complete movement chain documented

3. Trace-Forward: Identify all animals moved from infected properties, contact all recipients, quarantine received animals

Step 4: Coordinated Testing and Diagnostics

Systematic testing to define outbreak scope:

1. Surveillance Testing: Random sampling in control/surveillance zones, define prevalence and extent, early detection
2. Diagnostic Laboratory Coordination: Samples prioritised for rapid processing, results reported, disease strain typing
3. Test Results Management in Kora: Laboratory results linked to animals/events, positive results trigger automatic quarantine/contact tracing

Step 5: Treatment vs Control Strategies

Determine outbreak response strategy:

Treatment Strategy (if feasible): Treat affected animals, prophylactic treatment for high-risk contacts, monitor response, goal = save animals

Control Strategy (if eradication required): Depopulation of infected animals/herds, carcass disposal, cleaning/disinfection, repopulation restrictions, goal = eradicate disease

Decision factors: Disease characteristics, regulatory requirements, economic considerations, animal welfare, public health risk

Step 6: Resource Coordination and Logistics

Outbreak response requires resources:

1. Personnel: Additional veterinary staff, animal health officers, laboratory technicians, farm staff
2. Facilities: Expanded quarantine capacity, temporary isolation facilities, carcass disposal sites, disinfection stations
3. Supplies: Diagnostic test kits, treatments/vaccines, protective equipment, disinfectants, biosecurity equipment
4. Financial: Compensation programmes, emergency funding, cost-sharing

Step 7: Public Communication and Stakeholder Management

Transparent communication critical:

1. Regulatory Communication: Regular updates to affected owners, industry notifications, international notifications
2. Public Communication: Official statements, accurate information to prevent panic, consumer safety messaging
3. Industry Coordination: Industry association involvement, market impact management, business continuity support
4. Media Management: Designated spokespeople, accurate transparent reporting, combat misinformation

Step 8: Outbreak Resolution and Recovery

When outbreak controlled:

1. Zone Clearance: Surveillance demonstrates no new cases, testing confirms absence, properties transition from infected → control → surveillance → clear
2. Movement Restriction Lifting: Phased removal, enhanced surveillance continues, trade restrictions lifted
3. Restocking (if depopulation occurred): Facility cleaning/disinfection verification, waiting period, sentinel animals monitored
4. Outbreak Review: Analyse response, epidemiological investigation, recommendations for prevention
5. Preventive Measures Implementation: Enhanced biosecurity, vaccination programmes, improved surveillance, regulatory changes

Step 9: Long-Term Monitoring and Surveillance

Post-outbreak surveillance ensures disease doesn't resurge:

1. Enhanced Surveillance Period: Continued monitoring of previously infected properties, random surveillance in region, early warning system
2. Proof of Freedom: Demonstrate disease eliminated, required for trade resumption, international recognition

Integration Points

From: Individual case workflows (1-3), Regulatory requirements To: Multiple properties, Public health, Trade authorities, International bodies